Black Body Radiation: Low Intensity at High & Low Frequqs

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the characteristics of black body radiation, specifically addressing the observed low intensity at both high and low frequency regions. Participants explore the implications of thermal energy and its potential discreteness in relation to black body radiation.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes that low intensity at high frequencies is due to the higher energy requirement compared to average thermal energy, questioning the reason for low intensity at low frequencies.
  • Another participant suggests that the low probability of emitting radiation in the low frequency region is due to a smaller number of modes available for emission.
  • A participant questions whether thermal energy is discrete.
  • One participant proposes that while individual particle energy is quantized, the mean thermal energy does not necessarily have to be quantized, expressing uncertainty about this assertion.
  • Another participant elaborates that if thermal energy refers to total random kinetic molecular energy, it is discrete due to the sum of discrete values, but for practical purposes, it appears continuous due to the vast number of molecules involved.
  • It is mentioned that to accurately model black body radiation in accordance with experimental results, one must assume that molecular oscillators are quantized.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the nature of thermal energy and its discreteness, with no consensus reached on whether thermal energy itself is discrete or continuous.

Contextual Notes

Some assumptions regarding the definitions of thermal energy and its relationship to quantization remain unresolved, and the discussion reflects varying interpretations of these concepts.

slft
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In black body radiation, there are two regions of low intensity. One is at the high frequencies and one is at the low frequencies. I understand that there is lower probability to emit radiation at high frequencies because it requires higher energy than the average thermal energy provided. However, why is there also a low intensity in lower frequencies? Is it also the because of low probability of receiving the low energy? If so, does it mean that thermal energy is also discrete?
 
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I'd say that the low probability of emitting in the low frequency region is because the smaller number of modes in which you can emit. You can find a good explanation in http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/mod6.html"
 
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so is thermal energy discrete?
 
My understanding is that thermal energy is the mean energy of the random motion of the particles in a system. So I would say that the energy of the individual particles is quantized, but that thermal energy, being the mean value, does not necessarily have to be quantized.

But I am actually not sure about this, so maybe someone have a better answer.
 
Pete99 said:
My understanding is that thermal energy is the mean energy of the random motion of the particles in a system. So I would say that the energy of the individual particles is quantized, but that thermal energy, being the mean value, does not necessarily have to be quantized.

But I am actually not sure about this, so maybe someone have a better answer.

If you mean by thermal energy the total random kinetic molecular energy, than this number will be discrete because it is a sum of discrete numbers. But a typical object has so many billions upon billions of molecules that the total thermal energy of an object is going to look so close to continuous that for practical purposes you might as well treat it that way. If you mean by thermal energy the average random kinetic molecular energy, than averages of discrete number sets are not discrete.

To get the correct model of blackbody radiation (one that matches experiment), you have to assume the molecular oscillators are quantized.
 

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