Block sliding down a ramp in a truck

[davidmigl]

Homework Statement

In this problem, I am supposed to find something wrong with a formula dealing with the problem. There is a block with mass m on a ramp of height h inside a box truck moving with constant velocity u. The angle of the ramp doesn't matter, as this problem will be using energy methods. v is the velocity that the block reaches on the floor due to the potential energy only being converted into kinetic energy. No friction is involved, and no relativistic effects come into play.

The block is released from rest, slides down the ramp, and then slides across the floor of the truck.

Homework Equations

From an observer inside the truck, the relevant equation for velocity once on the floor is mgh = \frac{mv^{2}}{2}, by conservation of energy. But observed from outside the truck, the block has initial velocity u, since it is moving with the speed of the truck. Let v_{f}be the unknown final speed. Then \frac{mu^{2}}{2} + mgh = mv_{f}^{2}. Once the block slides down the ramp, all the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, so \frac{mu^{2}}{2} + \frac{mv^{2}}{2} = \frac{mv_{f}^{2}}{2}. Multiplying both sides by 2 and dividing by m leads to the conclusion that v_{f}^{2} = v^{2} + u^{2}, or v_{f}=\sqrt{v^{2} + u^{2}}.

Alternatively, it is given that mgh = \frac{mv^{2}}{2}. Add \frac{mu^{2}}{2} to both sides to give mgh + \frac{mu^{2}}{2} = \frac{mv^{2}}{2} + \frac{mu^{2}}{2}. But mgh + \frac{mu^{2}}{2} = \frac{mv_{f}^{2}}{2}[/tex], by conservation of energy. Substituting this back into the previous equation gives \frac{mu^{2}}{2} + \frac{mv^{2}}{2} = \frac{mv_{f}^{2}}{2} and again it follows that v_{f}=\sqrt{v^{2} + u^{2}}.

The problem is that, intuitively, we know that v_{f} should equal u + v. So somewhere in the previous discussion an error has crept in. What is that error?

The Attempt at a Solution

The conclusion possibly rests on the presumption that you can divide an object's speed up into parts and find the total kinetic energy by calculating the kinetic energy for each of the speeds, so long as all the speeds add up to the total speed. This is clearly false, as two bodies with equal mass traveling at speeds x and y will not have the same kinetic energy as an identical body traveling at speed x + y.

But the second alternative derivation arrives at the faulty conclusion via mathematical means and doesn't seem vulnerable to such an experimental/physical attack as above. Each of the premises seems sound, so it seems impossible to avoid arriving at the conclusion.

Something seems fishy about the initial velocity being in a different direction than the incline (i.e. the direction the block travels at first), but I don't know if I am on the right track here.

 

[member 553083]

The error in the previous discussion is that it assumed that the initial velocity u and the velocity v were in the same direction. This assumption is incorrect, as the block starts off with velocity u in the direction of the truck while the velocity v is in the direction of the incline. This means that the final velocity cannot be found by simply adding up the magnitudes of u and v. Instead, the relevant equation should be v_{f}^{2} = u^{2} + 2uv + v^{2}.