Calculate vmax and voltage from X-ray distribution function

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the maximum velocity of electrons and the potential difference for an X-ray lamp based on its intensity distribution function. The maximum kinetic energy (Kmax) is derived using the equation Kmax = hf - work function, where h is Planck's constant and f is the frequency derived from the peak wavelength of 3.5 x 10^-9 m. The calculated maximum velocity of electrons is approximately 1.1 x 10^7 m/s, while the expected value is 1.5 x 10^7 m/s. The potential difference can be determined by understanding the energy gained by a charge falling through a potential difference.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of kinetic energy equations, specifically Kmax = 0.5m(vmax)^2
  • Familiarity with Planck's constant (h = 6.63 x 10^-34 J·s) and its application in photon energy calculations
  • Knowledge of the relationship between wavelength, frequency, and the speed of light (c = 3 x 10^8 m/s)
  • Concept of potential difference and energy gained by a charge in an electric field
NEXT STEPS
  • Learn how to calculate photon energy using the equation E = hf
  • Study the relationship between potential difference and kinetic energy in electron acceleration
  • Explore the concept of X-ray production and its differences from the photoelectric effect
  • Investigate the role of electron mass (m = 9.11 x 10^-31 kg) in kinetic energy calculations
USEFUL FOR

Students in physics, particularly those studying electromagnetism and quantum mechanics, as well as professionals working with X-ray technology and electron dynamics.

VH1
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Homework Statement


The X-ray intensity distribution function for an X-ray lamp is
given on the figure. What is the maximum velocity of the electrons? What is the potential difference under which the lamp is operating? Figure: http://imgur.com/01kCBc8
01kCBc8.png


Homework Equations


Kmax = 0.5m(vmax)^2
Kmax = hf - work function
λ = c/f
c = speed of light = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Peak wavelength (from the figure) = 3.5 x 10^-9 m
h = Planck's constant = 6.63 x 10^-34
m = mass of electron = 9.11 x 10^-31

The Attempt at a Solution


Doubt I'm starting at the right place.
0.5mv^2 = hf (work function??)
0.5mv^2 = h(c/λ)
v = sqrt [2h(c/λ)/m]
v = 1.1 x 10^7 m/s
Given answer is 1.5 x 10^7 m/s

As for the potential difference, I have no idea how to calculate it.
 
Last edited by a moderator:
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Hi VH1,

Welcome to Physics Forums!

X-Ray production isn't quite the same thing as the photoelectric effect. In this case electrons are stopped by a target and shed their energy in the form of photons.

Looking at the intensity distribution, which wavelength on the curve represents the highest energy photons (not the total intensity of emitted photons, but the highest photon energy)?

For the potential difference, how much energy does a charge gain by "falling through" a given potential difference? What's the formula?
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: VH1
Thanks gneill for the warm welcome and help - I managed to work out both questions with that.

Cheers
 

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