Acidic strength is directly related to the formation of hydronium ions in solution, with the strength defined by the activity of hydrogen ions. In aqueous systems, all acids produce hydronium ions of equivalent strength, while in non-aqueous systems, the stability of the anion and the proton's stabilization in solution influence acidic strength. The stability of the anion formed by an acid is typically linked to its acidity; more acidic solutions lead to more stable anions, as complete dissociation enhances stability. For concentrated nitric acid, its strength can be calculated using molarity or expressed in terms of activity, which involves multiplying molality by the activity coefficient. Most concentrated nitric acid is available as a 70% solution in water, with higher concentrations also obtainable.