To calculate the trajectory of a ball considering air friction, one must incorporate the drag force using the drag equation: D = Cd * r * 0.5 * V^2 * A, where Cd is the drag coefficient, r is air density, V is velocity, and A is the reference area. The drag coefficient, which varies based on shape and flow conditions, can often be found in experimental tables for common shapes like spheres. Understanding how to compute the net force, including drag, allows for the determination of the ball's trajectory. The drag force acts in the opposite direction of the ball's motion, affecting its velocity. For accurate calculations, it’s suggested to lump terms into a constant for initial modeling, refining later as needed.