Negative angular velocity, or back spin, can be calculated by analyzing the impact and launch angles when a lofted club strikes a golf ball. The relationship between the impact angle and launch angle is crucial, as they are equal and opposite. This creates a triangle involving the initial linear speed, final linear speed, and tangential rotational speed of the ball. Visualizing this with a sketch can help clarify the dynamics at play. Understanding these principles is essential for accurately calculating back spin in golf.