Calculating Triangle Area in Relativity Theory

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around calculating the area of a triangle in the context of special relativity, particularly focusing on how the area changes when the triangle is in motion relative to an observer. Participants explore the implications of length contraction on the triangle's dimensions and area, raising questions about the effects of motion on geometric properties.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants propose that the area of a triangle at rest is given by ##A_0=\frac{1}{2}##, and when in motion, the area is affected by the Lorentz factor, leading to ##A=A_0\sqrt{1-\frac{u^2}{c^2}}##.
  • There is confusion expressed about how the area changes when the triangle moves across a side of length ##\sqrt{2}##, with participants seeking clarification on the implications of motion on area.
  • Some participants argue that changing the scale in one direction results in a change in area, suggesting that the details of the figure do not matter, while others express confusion about this reasoning.
  • A participant questions whether an observer in the stationary frame (S) would still perceive the triangle, leading to a discussion about the nature of observation and length contraction.
  • One participant explains that to observe length contraction accurately, one must consider the timing of light reaching the observer from different parts of the moving triangle.
  • Another participant notes that in special relativity, only the dimensions along the direction of motion are contracted, while dimensions perpendicular to that direction remain unchanged.
  • There is a suggestion to divide the triangle into squares aligned with the direction of motion to analyze how length contraction affects the area, with some participants expressing skepticism about this approach.
  • One participant proposes that if the triangle moves parallel to one of its sides, the area can be calculated using the formula for area, considering the base as Lorentz contracted while the height remains unchanged.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express various viewpoints on how the area of the triangle is affected by motion, with no consensus reached. Some agree on the application of the Lorentz factor, while others challenge the reasoning and implications of length contraction on area.

Contextual Notes

There are unresolved questions regarding the assumptions made about the triangle's motion and the definitions of area in the context of relativistic effects. The discussion also highlights the complexity of visual perception in relation to moving objects.

LagrangeEuler
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Area of triangle from picture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_right_triangle#/media/File:45-45-triangle.svg
is ##A_0=\frac{1}{2}##. If that triangle staying still in system S' and S' moving across one of the sides of length ##1## in respect to system ##S## area of the triangle in the system S will be ##A=A_0\sqrt{1-\frac{u^2}{c^2}}##. I am confused what will happen if triangle moving across side of length ##\sqrt{2}##. What area of triangle in the system S will be?
 
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LagrangeEuler said:
If that triangle staying still in system S' and S' moving across one of the sides of length ##1## in respect to system ##S## area of the triangle in the system S will be ##A=A_0\sqrt{1-\frac{u^2}{c^2}}##. I am confused what will happen if triangle moving across side of length ##\sqrt{2}##. What area of triangle in the system S will be?
It will be ##A=A_0\sqrt{1-\frac{u^2}{c^2}}##
 
And could you explain me why?
 
What's the formula for the area of a triangle?
 
LagrangeEuler said:
And could you explain me why?
If you take any figure and change the scale in one direction then the area will change by that same amount. The details of the figure don’t matter.

Consider breaking an arbitrary figure into a bunch of square pixels in the rest frame. When you transform it, you have the same number of squares, but now they are rectangles.
 
Dale said:
If you take any figure and change the scale in one direction then the area will change by that same amount. The details of the figure don’t matter.

Consider breaking an arbitrary figure into a bunch of square pixels in the rest frame. When you transform it, you have the same number of squares, but now they are rectangles.
I am confused with that. Because only one direction is shorten.
 
So would someone who sits in S see triangle anymore in that case?
 
LagrangeEuler said:
I am confused with that. Because only one direction is shorten.
Can you explain your confusion? If you shorten one direction of a square, is it not obviously a rectangle?
 
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End what about this case? Will observer in S will see triangle?
 

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  • #10
LagrangeEuler said:
And what about this case? Will observer in S will see triangle?
Yes, but...

We need to be careful about using the word "see" here. When we say that we "see" an object, we're actually seeing the image on the retina of our eyes (or the pixel array of a digital camera, or a sheet of photographic film if we're using an old-fashioned camera) formed by light reflected from the object. Different parts of the object are different distances from the eye so the light that forms the image left different parts of the object at different times; for a fast moving object the image we see won't be an accurate representation of the entire object at anyone moment.

Thus, to observe length contraction, we have to calculate where the various parts of the object are at the same time. In principle we would fill all of space with tiny observers, all at rest relative to us and holding synchronized clocks and pieces of paper. At exactly the stroke of midnight they all write down whether a piece of the triangle is passing by them just then; afterwards, we gather up the pieces of paper and use them to reconstruct exactly where the triangle was at the stroke of midnight. When people talk about "seeing" that the triange is length-contracted, that's usually what they mean, and that's what I meant when I answered "yes" above.

The triangle will still be an isoceles triangle, but because it is length-contracted along the direction of travel, the angle at the apex will be greater and the two base angles will be correspondingly smaller.
 
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  • #11
In Special Relativity, the y and z directions are not contracted
 
  • #12
LagrangeEuler said:
I am confused with that. Because only one direction is shorten.
Divide the arbitrary shape into squares all aligned with the direction of motion, and length contraction will turn them into rectangles of smaller area. The total area is the sum of the areas of each individual rectangle, so will also be less.

Yes, there’s a bit of error at the edges of the object where the squats don’t exactly fit... but that error can be made arbitrarily small by using more smaller squares.
 
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  • #13
Nugatory said:
Divide the arbitrary shape into squares
I tried that approach earlier in post 5. @LagrangeEuler doesn’t seem to recognize that a square with one direction shortened is a rectangle, but he wouldn’t explain why. Maybe your more detailed version will work for him.
 
  • #14
My approach was going to be to observe that if the triangle moves parallel to one of its sides, we can declare that side to be the base, then observe that the area is half base times height. Base is Lorentz contracted; height is not; straight lines remain straight. The conclusion is obvious.
 

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