Can a Molecule Share 4 Bonded Electrons?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the possibility of a molecule sharing four pairs of bonded electrons, specifically questioning whether this can occur in carbon-based molecules like C2, and exploring examples in metal-metal bonding.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether a molecule can share four pairs of bonded electrons, using C2 as an example.
  • Another participant asserts that while quadruple bonds exist, carbon cannot form them due to its tetrahedral geometry.
  • It is noted that quadruple, pentuple, and sextuple bonds have been observed in metal-metal complexes, particularly with heavier metals like Tungsten and Rhenium.
  • Participants discuss the role of d-orbitals in enabling these higher-order bonds, with one suggesting that overlap between d-orbitals can lead to the formation of delta bonds.
  • One participant recalls specific examples involving Rhenium and Technetium compounds with double bonds.
  • There is a mention of the highest order bond observed being a sextuple bond, which shares 12 electrons.
  • A participant inquires about the physical properties of substances with high-order bonds, speculating on their hardness and reactivity.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree that quadruple bonds can exist in certain contexts, particularly in metal complexes, but there is no consensus on the applicability to carbon or the specific properties of such substances.

Contextual Notes

Participants express uncertainty regarding the naming conventions for substances with high-order bonds and the implications for their physical properties, indicating a lack of definitive information on these topics.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to those studying advanced chemistry, particularly in the areas of molecular bonding and the behavior of transition metals.

_wolfgang_
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I am wandering whether this can happen? When a molecule shares 4 pairs of bonded electons? Say like a C2 Molecule?? maybe. Could it happen or does it happen??
 
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Yes, but not for carbon.

The reason carbon can't four-bond is because of its tetrahedral geometry. Even with only half of the orbitals hybridized, one orbital on each carbon atom will still face "away" from the bond.

As it turns out, quadruple bonds, pentuple bonds, and even a sextuple bond have all been observed. Where? Metal-metal bonds in complexes, especially the heavier metals with loose electrons. I believe Tungsten and Rhenium both exhibit this odd behavior.

My theory as to why this happens? d-orbitals.
 
Char. Limit said:
My theory as to why this happens? d-orbitals.

Correct. Overlap between d-orbitals in metal-metal covalent bonds can produce a delta bond which is required to explain quadruple bonding species.
 
Haha! I knew it!

Thanks for proving me right. Honestly, sometimes physics is so screwed up I think the intuitive answer, though right in this case, could ever be correct.
 
Specifically I remember about some Rhenium and Technetium compounds with a formal Re-Re or Tc-Tc double bond.
 
Doesn't mean it can't be higher as well.
 
Hmm so can actually happen just not with carbon, i get why now because of its tetrahedral shape. Also is there any special names for these substances, as well as would you know what the most amount of bonds there are possible?
 
I don't know about the names, but I can tell you that the highest order bond observed is a sextuple bond, sharing 12 electrons.
 
Ok cool i see this happens molybdenum. Also what would happen to phsical properties? ultra hard? Ultra unreactive?
 

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