Can convergent nozzles convert heat into motion?

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SUMMARY

Convergent and convergent-divergent nozzles effectively convert internal heat into forward motion, increasing dynamic pressure. The conversion process is governed by the principles of thermodynamics, specifically the relationship between enthalpy, pressure, and velocity. While these nozzles can theoretically utilize heat to compress fluids, practical applications reveal that they do not reduce the power consumption of upstream compressors. Instead, they primarily serve to adjust flow conditions without adding energy, adhering to the first law of thermodynamics.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermodynamics, particularly the first law of thermodynamics.
  • Familiarity with fluid mechanics concepts, including dynamic and static pressure.
  • Knowledge of nozzle types, specifically convergent and convergent-divergent nozzles.
  • Basic grasp of gas properties, including specific heat ratios and enthalpy.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the principles of isentropic flow in nozzles and their implications on fluid dynamics.
  • Explore the mathematical relationships governing enthalpy and velocity in compressible flows.
  • Investigate the limitations of nozzle performance in real-world applications, particularly in compressible fluid systems.
  • Learn about advanced nozzle designs and their impact on efficiency in aerospace and mechanical engineering.
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Engineers, fluid mechanics researchers, and aerospace professionals interested in optimizing nozzle performance and understanding the thermodynamic principles governing fluid dynamics.

  • #91
pranj5 said:
It's a homemade experiment and laboratory like perfection can't be expected.

Take your photo, open up MS paint or whatever image editor you prefer, and draw on it where objects are located. Annotate it. Don't get snippy with us when we tell you that what you have posted doesn't make any sense as it is presented. That sort of attitude is not any way to get people to help.

pranj5 said:
As far as I know, we can study the effect of temperature to air by adjusting the infrared. Actually, I can't say much about that as my friend is the expert. He has adjusted the camera to detect whether the air coming out is colder or not. But I can say that the picture isn't something made with animation. It's real!

A couple points here:
  1. You shouldn't interpret results when you don't understand how those results were obtained. That's a fundamentally flawed method of experimentation. I'd suggest you go back and try to understand exactly what it is you are measuring.
  2. You really need to explain your experimental setup better if you want us to be able to help you with that. You still haven't clarified what you did or how you were even able to see the air through the tube. At any rate, my suspicion is that you are actually measuring the temperature of a surface somewhere that may be in contact with the air, so given enough time, it should tell you the temperature of the air at that location.
pranj5 said:
Now, anybody can calculate that whenever the pressure difference is 3 bar and above, the flow coming out will be supersonic.

I still would like you to address my earlier question about this, please. Show me why this is true. Prove it to me.
 

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