Can convergent nozzles convert heat into motion?

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Convergent and convergent-divergent nozzles can convert internal heat into forward motion, but this process does not reduce the overall power consumption of a compressor. While the nozzle increases dynamic pressure by converting internal energy into kinetic energy, it does so at the expense of pressure, meaning the total energy remains constant according to the first law of thermodynamics. The enthalpy of the gas decreases as flow velocity increases, and the nozzle cannot effectively compress a fluid from lower to higher pressure without additional energy input. Theoretical limits exist on the conversion of heat to velocity, with maximum velocity constrained by the initial temperature and specific heat of the fluid. Ultimately, using a nozzle in this manner does not yield practical benefits for reducing compressor power consumption.
  • #91
pranj5 said:
It's a homemade experiment and laboratory like perfection can't be expected.

Take your photo, open up MS paint or whatever image editor you prefer, and draw on it where objects are located. Annotate it. Don't get snippy with us when we tell you that what you have posted doesn't make any sense as it is presented. That sort of attitude is not any way to get people to help.

pranj5 said:
As far as I know, we can study the effect of temperature to air by adjusting the infrared. Actually, I can't say much about that as my friend is the expert. He has adjusted the camera to detect whether the air coming out is colder or not. But I can say that the picture isn't something made with animation. It's real!

A couple points here:
  1. You shouldn't interpret results when you don't understand how those results were obtained. That's a fundamentally flawed method of experimentation. I'd suggest you go back and try to understand exactly what it is you are measuring.
  2. You really need to explain your experimental setup better if you want us to be able to help you with that. You still haven't clarified what you did or how you were even able to see the air through the tube. At any rate, my suspicion is that you are actually measuring the temperature of a surface somewhere that may be in contact with the air, so given enough time, it should tell you the temperature of the air at that location.
pranj5 said:
Now, anybody can calculate that whenever the pressure difference is 3 bar and above, the flow coming out will be supersonic.

I still would like you to address my earlier question about this, please. Show me why this is true. Prove it to me.
 

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