Telomere maintenance without gene therapy is a complex topic with several proposed methods. One suggestion is the injection of pure telomerase; however, concerns exist regarding its ability to penetrate cells and reach the nucleus where it is needed. Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are mentioned as potential delivery systems, but their limitations include the inability to integrate into host DNA, which restricts their effectiveness in long-term telomerase expression. The discussion also explores the possibility of using nanoparticles for telomerase delivery, questioning whether they can effectively transport the large protein into cells. Additionally, the concept of using a gene gun for telomerase delivery is raised, but it is deemed impractical due to the challenges associated with delivering large proteins and the nature of the method itself. Overall, while various delivery methods are considered, significant barriers remain in achieving effective telomere maintenance without gene therapy.