Capacitance is a measure of an object's ability to store electric charge. It is defined as the ratio of the electric charge stored on an object to the potential difference between the object's plates.
Capacitance is calculated using the equation C = Q/V, where C is capacitance, Q is charge, and V is potential difference. It is measured in farads (F).
The factors that affect capacitance include the size and shape of the object, the distance between its plates, and the type of material used. Capacitance increases with larger surface area, smaller distance between plates, and materials with higher permittivity.
The electric field between the plates of a capacitor is directly proportional to the potential difference and inversely proportional to the distance between the plates. Therefore, increasing the capacitance (by increasing the surface area or decreasing the distance between plates) will decrease the electric field.
Capacitors are used in a variety of practical applications, including energy storage, filtering of electronic signals, and in electrical circuits to smooth out voltage fluctuations. They are also used in touch screens, cameras, and power factor correction in power systems.