Charged particle passing through velocity selector

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the calculation of the speed at which charged particles pass through a velocity selector without deflection, utilizing a 64mT magnetic field and a 28kN/C electric field. The formula used is v = E/B, leading to a calculated speed of 4.375 x 105 m/s. It is clarified that both the electric and magnetic fields are uniform and non-time-varying, resulting in zero net deflection at this specific speed. The relationship between the forces acting on the charged particles is emphasized, particularly the requirement for the velocity and magnetic field to be perpendicular for the formula to hold true.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of electromagnetic fields, specifically electric fields (E) and magnetic fields (B).
  • Familiarity with the Lorentz force equation: F = q(E + v x B).
  • Knowledge of dimensional analysis in physics.
  • Basic principles of charged particle motion in electromagnetic fields.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation and applications of the Lorentz force law.
  • Explore the concept of velocity selectors in particle physics experiments.
  • Learn about the implications of uniform electric and magnetic fields on charged particle trajectories.
  • Investigate the effects of varying magnetic field orientations on particle deflection.
USEFUL FOR

Students and educators in physics, particularly those focusing on electromagnetism, as well as professionals working with particle accelerators and velocity selectors in experimental physics.

Les talons
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Homework Statement



A velocity selector uses a 64mT magnetic field perpendicular to a 28kN/C electric field. At what speed will charged particles pass through the selector undeflected?

Homework Equations



v = E/B

The Attempt at a Solution


[/B]
Using dimensional analysis, I converted units T = kg/(s2 A), N = kg m/s2, and C = A s, and found
N/(C T) = kg m s2 A/(A s3 kg) = m/s
which would be v = E/B.
v = 28kN /(64C mT) = 4.375x105 m/s

My question is what is conceptually going on in this problem? Is the orientation of the magnetic field varying to deflect the particles?
 
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No, the B and E fields are both non-time-varying and uniform, in magnitude and direction.

The mag field B deflects the charges one way and the E field deflects them the opposite way. For one speed of the charges there is zero net deflection.

Mag force = qv x B and E force is qE. So v = E/B if v and B are perpendicular.

(In general, v and B must not be collinear while the E field must be perpendicular to both. Dimensional analysis can get you the answer to within a constant dimensionless coefficient only. Your answer is correct if and only if v and B are perpendicular).
 

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