Complex contour integral proof

[GGGGc]

Homework Statement

How can I show that from the contour C_N (I’ve attached) that absolute value of cot(pi*z) is less than or equal to 0 everywhere on vertical parts of C_N and less than or equal to a value everywhere on the horizontal parts?

Relevant Equations

|a+b|<=|a|+|b|
|a-b|>=|a|-|b|

I’ve attached my attempt. I’ve tried to use triangle inequality formula to attempt, but it seems I got the value which is larger than 1. Which step am I wrong? Also, it seems I cannot neglect the minus sign in front of e^(N+1/2)*2pi. How can I deal with that?

 

[pasmith]

You got as far as $$|\cot \pi z | = \left|\frac{e^{2i\pi z} + 1}{e^{2i\pi z} - 1} \right| = \left|<br /> \frac{e^{2i\pi x}e^{-2\pi y} + 1}{e^{2i\pi x}e^{-2\pi y} - 1}\right|$$ Why not go further? Multiply numerator and denominator by the complex conjugate of the denominator. Then you can easily write down the exact value of $|\cot \pi z|^2$, and at that point you can start trying to bound it on each side of the contour.

Or write $$|\cot \pi z| = \frac{|e^{2i\pi x} + e^{2\pi y}|}{|e^{2i\pi x} - e^{2\pi y}|}$$ and then you can obtain an upper bound by maximizing the distance between $e^{2i\pi x}$ and $-e^{2\pi y}$ in the numerator and mimizing the distance between $e^{2i\pi x}$ and $e^{2\pi y}$ in the denominator.