Controllers, processors and operating systems in the car

[iii]

I search after information in these things:
I think there are a lot of controllers and processors in the car but in which devices in the car they are and what them doing in these devices?
What are the operating systems in the cars?

What is algorithm for robust control?​

 

[jim hardy]

That's a whole specialized field.

Search on CANBUS yields a forest of information.
And hobby sites where experimenters are tinkering with their cars.

 

[bahamagreen]

You are asking about the PCM (Powertrain Control Module). There is a good overview of what it is, what it does, and its modes of operation at this page PCM.