Convection over horizontal pipe in air

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on the heat transfer from a horizontal pipe in air, specifically addressing the convection component of the heat transfer equation Q = h*A*(Tsurface-Tambient). The user is utilizing formulas for calculating the convection heat transfer coefficient for both natural and forced convection. The natural convection formula provided is h = 1.32*((Tsurface-Tambient)/D)^0.25, while the forced convection formula is h = C*Re^n*Pr^(1/3)*k/D, with specific constants for varying Reynolds numbers. The user seeks validation of these formulas and additional resources for calculating convection around pipes.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of heat transfer principles, specifically convection.
  • Familiarity with the Reynolds number and its significance in fluid dynamics.
  • Knowledge of the Prandtl number and its role in heat transfer calculations.
  • Basic grasp of thermal conductivity and its impact on heat transfer in air.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the derivation and application of the natural convection formula for horizontal pipes.
  • Study the forced convection formula and its constants for various Reynolds number ranges.
  • Explore resources on calculating convection heat transfer coefficients, including textbooks and online tutorials.
  • Investigate the impact of pipe orientation on convection heat transfer efficiency.
USEFUL FOR

Engineers, thermal analysts, and students studying heat transfer, particularly those working with convection around horizontal pipes in air.

hemi_fan
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I am working on a problem involving heat transfer from a horizontal pipe in air. I am having trouble with it and not getting the solution I expect, and I think it is because of the convection component of the heat transfer. The general formula I am following for convection from a horizontal pipe is:

Q = h*A*(Tsurface-Tambient)

where:

h = convection heat transfer coefficient
A = pipe surface area
Tsurface = surface temperature of pipe
Tambient = air temperature around pipe

I am using the following formulas for calculating the heat transfer coefficient:

Natural Convection:

h = 1.32*((Tsurface-Tambient)/D)^0.25


Forced Convection:

h = C*Re^n*Pr^(1/3)*k/D

where:

Re = Reynolds number
Pr = Prandtl number
k = thermal conductivity of air
D = outside pipe diameter
C,n = constants dependent on Re (can't remember their name off-hand, see chart)

Reynolds Number C n
0.4-4 0.989 0.330
4-40 0.911 0.385
40-4,000 0.683 0.466
4,000-40,000 0.193 0.618
40,000-400,000 0.0266 0.805

Are these formulas appropriate (natural convection in particular as this was given to me by a colleague and I have no clue where he got it)? The forced convection is from a textbook (which I don't have at the moment), however the book did not specify the orientation of the pipe. If anyone could chime in, or maybe provide a link to a 'how-to' on calculating convection around pipes that would be great, thanks!
 
Last edited:
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I would evaluate the heat transfer coefficients from both equations and see how the values compare.
 

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