To convert the FWHM bandwidth of a laser from meters to hertz, the relationship between frequency, speed, and wavelength is utilized: frequency equals speed divided by wavelength. The discussion highlights a calculation resulting in a bandwidth of approximately 10^17 Hz for a ruby laser with a 0.1m cavity, which is considered high. The refractive index of the medium is also relevant, as it affects the calculations. The longitudinal mode spacing and the number of lasing modes can be derived using the formula Df = c * Dlambda / Lambda^2. Accurate conversions require careful consideration of these parameters.