Derive the Maxwell "with source" equation

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on deriving the Maxwell "with source" equation using the tensor equation $$\partial F^{\mu v}/ \partial x^{v} = j^{\mu}/c$$. Participants explore varying the action with respect to the four-potential $$A^{\mu}$$ and evaluate complex integrals involving spacetime dimensions. Key steps include applying the divergence theorem to relate the flux to charge density and current, although some participants express uncertainty about the correct application of variations in the context of Hamilton's principle.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of tensor calculus and spacetime dimensions
  • Familiarity with the action principle in classical field theory
  • Knowledge of the divergence theorem and its applications
  • Basic concepts of electromagnetism, particularly the role of the four-potential $$A^{\mu}$$
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the Maxwell equations from the action principle
  • Learn about the application of the divergence theorem in field theory contexts
  • Investigate the properties of the four-potential $$A^{\mu}$$ and its variations
  • Explore the relationship between charge density and current in electromagnetic theory
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, particularly those specializing in electromagnetism and field theory, as well as advanced students seeking to deepen their understanding of the derivation of fundamental equations in physics.

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Homework Statement
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Relevant Equations
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We need to derive the Maxwell "with source" equation, of course, using the tensor equation $$\partial F^{\mu v}/ \partial x^{v} = j^{\mu}/c$$

D is the spacetime dimension
To do this, it was said to us vary the action wrt the ##A^{\mu}##

1616792994917.png


The first term just vanish, and I want to evaluate the third term.
$$\frac{-1}{4c} \int d^{D}x (\partial_{\mu} \delta A_{v} - \partial_{v} \delta A_{\mu})(\partial^{\mu} \delta A^{v} - \partial^{v} \delta A^{\mu})$$
$$\frac{-1}{4c} \int d^{D}x 2((\partial_{\mu} \delta A_{v})(\partial^{\mu} \delta A^{v}) - (\partial_{\mu} \delta A_{v})(\partial^{v} \delta A^{\mu})$$
$$\frac{-1}{2c} \int d^{D}x (\partial_{\mu} \delta A_{v}) \delta F^{\mu v} *$$

After that equation, the things get pretty messy... My attempt was to find somewhere a way to apply the divergence theorem and get the flux, after that i would get the charge density and so the current, but i was not able to do that

OBS: in * i am considering that ##\partial \delta A = \delta \partial A##, but i am not sure 'bout that.
 
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That's fine, because you don't vary the space-time arguments ##x## in Hamilton's principle. However you wrote some ##\delta## too much. Note that ##\delta (F_{\mu \nu} F^{\mu \nu})=2 F_{\mu \nu} \delta F^{\mu \nu}=4 F_{\mu \nu} \delta \partial^{\mu} A^{\nu}## and now go on in calculating the variation such to make the integrand ##\propto \delta A^{\nu}##.

For the 2nd term, I'd write it out in explicit form. Also think about, how ##j^{\mu}(x)## looks for a single point particle!
 

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