Designing Refraction Lab to Prove Critical Angle Equation

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on designing a refraction lab to demonstrate the critical angle using a laser and a rectangular container filled with water. The proposed method involves measuring the angle at which the laser reflects rather than refracts, which is incorrect as critical angles are only observed when light travels from a medium of higher optical density to one of lower density. The correct approach requires shining the laser through the bottom of the container to accurately measure the critical angle and calculate the refractive index of the liquid with respect to air.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Snell's Law and the equation ni sin(i) = nr sin(r)
  • Knowledge of optical density and refractive index concepts
  • Familiarity with experimental design in physics
  • Basic skills in graphing and data analysis
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the principles of Snell's Law and critical angle phenomena
  • Learn about the properties of different materials and their refractive indices
  • Explore experimental setups for measuring refractive indices accurately
  • Investigate data analysis techniques for plotting and interpreting experimental results
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Physics students, educators designing lab experiments, and anyone interested in optics and the behavior of light in different media.

kf00zy
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I am trying to design a refraction lab involving the critical angle and I have an idea but I'm not sure if it is good or, for lack of a better word, stupid. Here it is:
Using a laser and a rectangular container filled with water, I will shine the laser at the container and rotate the angle at which I shine it through. Then I will record the angle at which the laser no longer goes all the way through but reflects, or the critical angle. I will do this for 5 different substances with different indexes of refraction.
Looking at the equation ni sin(i) = nr sin(r), I can plot ni vs sin(r), where r is the measured critical angles, because ni is air which is about 1. Then, the slope of this graph will be equal to sin(i). The slope is equal to 1 making the angle i 90 and proving the equation for the critical angle.

I'm pretty sure the math is correct but overall, is this a nice lab proving a know equation or is stated in the definition of the critical angle that that angle is 90 and therefore this is a, for lack of a better word, stupid lab.

Thanks for the help!
 
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There is a major problem with your setup. I'll give you two clues. First, critical angle is only observed going from higher optical density to lower. Second, if the walls of container are parallel, the light will exit the container under the same angle the light entered the container.

You need to modify your setup if you wish to observe critical angle.
 
If you want the refractive index of liquid with respect to air you should think about shining the light through the liquid to emerge from the liquid/air surface.
This means shining the laser through the bottom of the container.
 

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