Difference between kernel f and isotrope vectors

kthouz
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i have a problem in differenciating kernel f and isotrope vectors,if someone could explain me,...
 
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The "kernel" of f is the set of vectors x such that f(x)= 0. But I have no idea what you mean by "isotrope" vectors. I tried googling on it and got "isotropic" vectors instead- which have to do with quantum mechanics.
 
There are two things I don't understand about this problem. First, when finding the nth root of a number, there should in theory be n solutions. However, the formula produces n+1 roots. Here is how. The first root is simply ##\left(r\right)^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}##. Then you multiply this first root by n additional expressions given by the formula, as you go through k=0,1,...n-1. So you end up with n+1 roots, which cannot be correct. Let me illustrate what I mean. For this...
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