Digital Communications: Bit Error Rate (BER), C/N, Constellations

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the calculation of the C/N (Carrier-to-Noise ratio) in the context of digital communications, specifically relating to Bit Error Rate (BER), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and modulation schemes such as QPSK. Participants are exploring how to approach a problem involving these concepts without complete information on bandwidth or data rate.

Discussion Character

  • Homework-related
  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • One participant expresses uncertainty about how to approach the problem, noting the relationship between C/N and SNR (Eb/N0) but lacking necessary parameters such as bandwidth or data rate.
  • Another participant reiterates the need for more information to solve the problem and suggests that the constellation diagram indicates a QPSK modulation scheme, although this is not confirmed.
  • A participant mentions the potential to show the entire problem but believes it may be irrelevant, focusing instead on sketching voltage signals for an IQ-modulator and discussing drawbacks related to pulse shape.
  • One participant proposes a method for calculating signal amplitude and noise, suggesting that the decision threshold for the detector is equal to the RMS noise amplitude, leading to a situation where the detector cannot decode data.
  • There is an acknowledgment of uncertainty in calculations and a reference to various websites discussing C/N and BER for different modulation schemes.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus, as there are multiple uncertainties regarding the problem's parameters and the calculations involved. The discussion remains unresolved with differing viewpoints on how to proceed.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include missing assumptions about bandwidth and data rate, as well as unresolved mathematical steps in the calculations presented by participants.

ashah99
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Homework Statement
Please see a snippet of the problem below.
Relevant Equations
C/N = (Eb/N0) * (data rate/bandwidth)
Problem Statement:

1636383706600.png

I am not quite sure how to approach this problem and would appreciate the help. I how the C/N is closely related to the SNR (Eb/N0), but the question does not give the bandwidth or data rate for me to use the formula above. From the constellation diagram, my guess is this is QPSK modulation scheme, but even that is a guess. Can anyone help?
 
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ashah99 said:
Homework Statement:: Please see a snippet of the problem below.
Relevant Equations:: C/N = (Eb/N0) * (data rate/bandwidth)

Problem Statement:

View attachment 291953
I am not quite sure how to approach this problem and would appreciate the help. I how the C/N is closely related to the SNR (Eb/N0), but the question does not give the bandwidth or data rate for me to use the formula above. From the constellation diagram, my guess is this is QPSK modulation scheme, but even that is a guess. Can anyone help?
Is there any more information given?
 
tech99 said:
Is there any more information given?
Unfortunately not, which is why I ask for help.

I could show you the entire problem if you would like, but it is irrelevant in my opinion. The other parts were to sketch the in-phase and quadrature phase voltage signals that would be sent to an IQ-modulator and to discuss a drawback in using the given symbol with that pulse shape (sharp transitions makes it spectrally inefficient is my answer).
 
tech99 said:
Is there any more information given?
Any additional thoughts?
 
I think in essence we take the signal amplitude as 1 volt. As we have two quadrature carriers, half the power is in each, so each phase has 0.7 volt peak. Next we measure the distance between the nearest points on the constellation. This looks like 0.35 volt. So the decision threshold, where the detector decides 0 or 1, will be half that = 0.18 volt. Then we find the RMS noise amplitude, which is 1 Volt - 15dB = 0.18. So the detector is seeing a signal at the same amplitude as the RMS noise. In this situation it cannot decode data.
Sorry I am not too expert on these calculations and I might be slightly out in the explanation. There are several web sites talking about C/N and BER for different modulation schemes.
 

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