[Discrete math] Finding simple, nonisomorphic graphs with 4 nodes

smithisize
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Homework Statement


Draw all nonisomorphic, simple graphs with four nodes. (Hint: There are eleven such graphs!)


Homework Equations



N/A

The Attempt at a Solution



Well if you can imagine a square with the nodes as the vertices and no arcs connecting them, I figure that's isomorphic because there's no way for the bijection to 'order' the mapped nodes.
The solution to the problem is here:http://www.math.washington.edu/~dumitriu/sol_hw4.pdf
But I don't understand it. Why is their second solution a solution? Because I would think that if that is a solution, certainly the same, just with a diagonal instead of a top connector, would be a solution but it's not.

Please help me understand the process I have to go through to find these graphs on my own.
Thanks

Smith
 
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smithisize said:
imagine a square with the nodes as the vertices and no arcs connecting them, I figure that's isomorphic
Nonisomorphic here simply means don't count what is really the same graph twice. A graph in isolation cannot be said to be isomorphic or not. It is isomorphic or otherwise to some other graph. E.g. the two graphs you describe - the second in the solution and one consisting of just a diagonal - are isomorphic to each other, so you don't count both. They're isomorphic because there is a way of shuffling the vertices around that turns one graph into the other.
 
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There are two things I don't understand about this problem. First, when finding the nth root of a number, there should in theory be n solutions. However, the formula produces n+1 roots. Here is how. The first root is simply ##\left(r\right)^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}##. Then you multiply this first root by n additional expressions given by the formula, as you go through k=0,1,...n-1. So you end up with n+1 roots, which cannot be correct. Let me illustrate what I mean. For this...

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