The discussion centers on the relationship between sound volume, frequency, and the perception of pain. It highlights that while humans can feel pain from loud noises, such as bass or sirens, sounds outside the human hearing range, like dog whistles, do not cause pain because the auditory system cannot respond to them. However, it is noted that very high-powered ultrasonic sounds can indeed cause physical pain and even unconsciousness, depending on their power and frequency. In contrast, infrasound, while generally less painful, can lead to negative effects like nausea and anxiety. The conversation also explores the distinction between immediate pain from loud noises and potential damage caused by absorbed sound energy, suggesting that different mechanisms may be at play in these experiences.