Does Friedmann equation allow for complex scale factor?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the implications of the Friedmann equation in cosmology, specifically regarding the possibility of a complex scale factor and the nature of curvature in the universe. Participants explore theoretical aspects of the equation and its rearrangements, considering both positive and negative curvature in different contexts.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests that under conditions of positive curvature, the Friedmann equation implies a complex scale factor when the curvature term dominates.
  • Another participant agrees with the implication of a complex scale factor but also proposes that it could indicate negative curvature instead.
  • A participant questions whether curvature could have a time dependence, suggesting the possibility of k being a function of time.
  • Another participant supports this idea, indicating that in a closed universe, curvature could relate to the radius of the universe.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the implications of the Friedmann equation regarding curvature and the scale factor, indicating that multiple competing interpretations remain unresolved.

Contextual Notes

The discussion involves assumptions about the nature of curvature and its dependence on the scale factor, which are not fully explored or defined. The implications of rearranging the Friedmann equation are also not settled.

Piano man
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Looking at the Friedmann equation
H^2=\left[\frac{\dot{a}}{a}\right]^2=\frac{8\pi G\rho}{3}-\frac{kc^2}{a^2}

and considering positive curvature, then for the limit where the second term dominates, we're left with
\left[\frac{\dot{a}}{a}\right]^2=-\frac{kc^2}{a^2}

This implies a complex scale factor, does it not?
 
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This implies a complex scale factor, does it not?
Either that, or it implies that the curvature in this limit is negative. Which is the case.
IMHO, the equation makes more sense if you rearrange it:
\frac{kc^2}{a^2}=\left[\frac{\dot{a}}{a}\right]^2=\frac{8\pi G\rho}{3}-H^2
Read: Curvature = positive contribution from energy density - negative contribution from expansion.
 
Okay, so the curvature has a time dependence k=k(t)?
 
Right. For example, in a closed universe, it could be its radius.
 

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