Energy change under point transformation

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the transformation of energy and generalized momenta under the coordinate transformation $$q = f(Q, t)$$. It establishes that the generalized momenta are defined as $$P = \partial L / \partial \dot Q$$ and explores the relationship between energy before and after transformation, concluding that the correct expression for the transformed energy is $$E' = E - p \partial q / \partial t$$. The error identified in the calculations relates to the misapplication of partial derivatives, specifically in the context of holding variables constant during differentiation.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Lagrangian mechanics and the Lagrangian function (L)
  • Familiarity with generalized coordinates and momenta
  • Knowledge of partial derivatives and their properties
  • Experience with coordinate transformations in classical mechanics
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  • Study the application of the triple product rule in partial derivatives
  • Explore the implications of coordinate transformations on energy conservation
  • Learn about the cyclic identity for partial derivatives in more depth
  • Investigate examples of Lagrangian transformations in classical mechanics
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Students and professionals in physics, particularly those specializing in classical mechanics, as well as researchers focusing on energy transformations and coordinate systems in theoretical physics.

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How do the energy and generalized momenta change under the following coordinate
transformation $$q= f(Q,t)$$The generalized momenta: $$P = \partial L / \partial \dot Q = \partial L / \partial \dot q\times \partial \dot q / \partial \dot Q = p \partial \dot q / \partial \dot Q = p \partial q / \partial Q $$$$\dot Q = \partial Q / \partial q \times \dot q + \partial Q / \partial t$$$$E' = P\dot Q - L = p \partial q / \partial Q (\partial Q / \partial q \times \dot q + \partial Q / \partial t) - L = p\dot q + p \partial q / \partial t - L = E + p \partial q / \partial t$$But the answer is $$E' = E - p \partial q / \partial t$$What did i got wrong?
 
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When writing a partial derivative, it's important to keep in mind which variables are held constant. I often find it necessary to explicitly indicate the variable or variables that are held constant.

I think the mistake occurs where you essentially wrote $$\frac{\partial q}{\partial Q} \frac{\partial Q}{\partial t} = \frac{\partial q}{\partial t} $$

Convince yourself that the left side should be $$\frac{\partial q}{\partial Q}\bigg |_t \frac{\partial Q}{\partial t}\bigg|_q $$ You can simplify this using the triple product rule (also called the cyclic identity for partial derivatives).
 

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