Finding basis functions for approximating transcendental function

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the approximation of transcendental functions, specifically the function of the form f(x) = x^Ne^{x} and later f(x) = x^Ne^{-x}. Participants explore methods for finding suitable basis functions to represent these transcendental functions as finite linear combinations, including the use of polynomial bases and the Gram-Schmidt process.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant seeks to approximate f(x) = x^Ne^{x} using basis functions of the form x^v where -1 < v < 0.
  • Another participant points out that the proposed basis functions are infinite at x=0, which contradicts the behavior of f(x) for N ≥ 0.
  • A subsequent post suggests a revised basis of the form x^v/(1 + x^2) where 0 < v < 1, but questions the general procedure for deriving a basis set.
  • Concerns are raised about the suitability of the proposed basis functions, noting that they approach zero for large x while the original function grows rapidly.
  • One participant later clarifies that the function to approximate is actually f(x) = x^Ne^{-x}, which approaches zero for large x.
  • Another participant suggests using orthogonal polynomials and the Gram-Schmidt process to generate basis functions, emphasizing the need for a finite interval for approximation.
  • Steps for deriving basis functions are outlined, including choosing a polynomial degree, defining an inner product, and projecting the function onto the basis polynomials.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the appropriateness of various basis functions and methods for approximation. There is no consensus on a single approach, and the discussion remains unresolved regarding the best method to approximate the transcendental functions.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the need for a finite interval for approximation and the dependence on the definitions of inner products and basis functions. The discussion also highlights the challenges of approximating functions that exhibit different behaviors at specific points.

sauravrt
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I am working on a problem where I want to approximate a transcendental function of the form
[itex]f(x) = x^Ne^{x}[/itex] for [itex]x \geq 0[/itex] as a linear combination of functions of the form [itex]x^v \text{where} -1 < v < 0[/itex].
How can I find the basis functions of the desired form to represent my transcendental function as a finite linear combination?

If not, what would be approach to obtain finte approximate a transcendental function of the form above ?
 
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Your f(x)=0 for x=0 (for N ≥ 0), while the basis functions you are suggesting are infinite at x=0. Your proposal doesn't make sense.
 
Hi mathman, I realize that error. Instead of that I would like my basis to be of the form [itex]\frac{x^v}{1 + x^2} ~\text{where} ~ 0< v < 1[/itex].

What is the general procedure to come up with a basis set?
 
I can't give you an off-hand answer. However your proposal has at least one problem. The functions go to zero for large x, while the functions you are trying to represent become infinite very rapidly.
 
Hi mathman:

I am sorry about the error in the original post. The function I am trying to approximate is [itex]f(x) = x^Ne^{-x}[/itex]. This function goes to zero for large x.
 
sauravrt said:
I am working on a problem where I want to approximate a transcendental function of the form
[itex]f(x) = x^Ne^{x}[/itex] for [itex]x \geq 0[/itex] as a linear combination of functions of the form [itex]x^v \text{where} -1 < v < 0[/itex].
How can I find the basis functions of the desired form to represent my transcendental function as a finite linear combination?

If not, what would be approach to obtain finte approximate a transcendental function of the form above ?

You could use orthogonal polynomials and project your function onto these basis polynomials through an integral transform.

The polynomials themselves will be determined on the basis as well as the interval for projection. If you want to project onto polynomial basis, then there are some texts out there that cover this. If however you want to project onto non-polynomial basis (like discontinuous functions or transendental functions of some sort), then you will need to accommodate for that.

What you can do to derive such polynomials is to use the Gram-Schmidt process to generate the basis functions from first principles. To do this you need to define an inner product, and this is dependent on the interval that you are dealing with.

You should be aware that you will have to use a finite interval: it won't make sense to use an infinite interval as your function is not complete in the L^2 space.

So to sum up:

1) Choose a power for your highest degree for the polynomial
2) Choose the interval that you are approximating for your function
3) Using gram-schmidt and the inner product definition for an L^2 space, generate the basis polynomials
4) Project your function to the basis polynomials to get your coeffecients
5) Write out your approximate function using a linear combination of your basis coeffecients with your basis polynomials.
 

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