Finding the Fourier cosine series for ##f(x)=x^2##

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The discussion focuses on finding the Fourier cosine series for the function f(x) = x^2, noting that the primary challenge lies in the integration process for calculating the coefficients A_n. The user expresses concern about the complexity of integrating by parts when attempting to find the Fourier cosine series for f(x) = x^7, suggesting that it may be more practical to consider the Fourier sine series due to the odd nature of the function. There is a query about the availability of software, like Wolfram, to assist with these calculations. The conversation emphasizes the difficulty of manual computation and the potential benefits of using technology for complex integrations. Overall, the thread highlights the challenges of Fourier series calculations and the role of computational tools in simplifying the process.
chwala
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Homework Statement
See attached.
Relevant Equations
Fourier cosine series
I was just going through my old notes on this i.e

1699522218550.png
The concept is straight forward- only challenge phew :cool: is the integration bit...took me round and round a little bit... that is for ##A_n## part.

My working pretty ok i.e we shall realize the text solution. Kindly find my own working below.

1699522329913.png
Now to my question supposing we have to find say Fourier cosine series for ##f(x)= x^7##. The integration by parts here will take like forever to do. Do we have software for this? Will Wolfram help?
 
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chwala said:
Will Wolfram help?
Pretty easy to check for yourself :wink: . Let us know !

##\ ##
 
BvU said:
Pretty easy to check for yourself :wink: . Let us know !

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Will do check @BvU ... however, if one was to do this by hand ... No technology...how long would it take to work to solution?
 
The ##f(x)= x^7## is odd. Perhaps Fourier sine series rather than cosine?
 
chwala said:
Now to my question supposing we have to find say Fourier cosine series for ##f(x)= x^7##. The integration by parts here will take like forever to do. Do we have software for this? Will Wolfram help?

Set I_n = \int_0^{2\pi} x^{2n+1} \sin kx\,dx, \qquad k = 1, 2, \dots. so that integrating by parts twice, <br /> I_n = - \frac{(2n+1)(2n)}{k^2}I_{n-1} - \frac{(2\pi)^{2n+1}}{k}. This recurrence relation can be solved subject to the initial condition I_0 = -\frac{2\pi}{k} to obtain <br /> I_N = \frac{(2N + 1)!(-1)^N}{k^{2N}} \frac{2\pi}{k}\sum_{n=0}^N \frac{(-1)^{n+1}(2\pi k)^{2n}}{(2n+1)!}.
 
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First, I tried to show that ##f_n## converges uniformly on ##[0,2\pi]##, which is true since ##f_n \rightarrow 0## for ##n \rightarrow \infty## and ##\sigma_n=\mathrm{sup}\left| \frac{\sin\left(\frac{n^2}{n+\frac 15}x\right)}{n^{x^2-3x+3}} \right| \leq \frac{1}{|n^{x^2-3x+3}|} \leq \frac{1}{n^{\frac 34}}\rightarrow 0##. I can't use neither Leibnitz's test nor Abel's test. For Dirichlet's test I would need to show, that ##\sin\left(\frac{n^2}{n+\frac 15}x \right)## has partialy bounded sums...