A particle in a central force field moving in a circular orbit requires the polar equation of the orbit to be derived. The discussion highlights the confusion around setting up the equation, specifically the second-order differential equation involving the inverse radius and angle. The equation mentioned is related to Goldstein's mechanics text, suggesting a specific form to simplify the problem. A transformation involving the inverse radius is recommended to facilitate finding the solution. The conversation emphasizes the need for clarity in the steps to derive the polar equation accurately.