Fluid mechanics - Water flowing through a pipe

3 replies · 3K views · last reply
theBEAST
Messages
361
Reaction score
0

Homework Statement


Multiple-choice question: velocity profile u(r) = Umax(1 - r/R)^(1/3) in a pipe, with R = 0.05 m; options a. 0.76, b. 1.68, c. 0.24, d. 1.47, e. 1.28 m/sec.


The Attempt at a Solution


I am interested in why my method is flawed:
Handwritten fluid mechanics derivation: mass flow rate m = rho*V*A gives u_avg = 1.27324 m/s, then u_avg is written as the integral of u dr over the integral of 1 dr, with u_max times the integral of (1 - r/R)^(1/5) dr reduced to 5/6 u_max, so u_avg = 5/6 u_max and u_max = 1.52888.


Alright I know how to do this problem. Essentially you solve mass flow rate = rho * double integral of u dA. HOWEVER, I decided to do this differently. I know that I can solve for the average u from the equation mass flow rate = rho * u_avg * A. I also know that the average u is just the integral of u over the integral of 1. I tried this and I get 1.528 m/s which is clearly not one of the answers. Why does my method not work?
 
In the expression: ##\dot{m} = \rho u_{avg}A##,
##u_{avg}## needs to be the average over the cross-sectional area of the pipe, not the average over the radius.
 
TSny said:
In the expression: ##\dot{m} = \rho u_{avg}A##,
##u_{avg}## needs to be the average over the cross-sectional area of the pipe, not the average over the radius.

Hmmm, according to the equation doesn't u only depend on r? In other words u is constant for some circular ring r = k?
 
Consider two intervals of radius, one near the center of the pipe and one out at the edge. Suppose the interval dr is the same for both. There are more patches of area in the same interval dr out near the edge. So, the value of the velocity out at the edge contributes more to the average over the cross–section than the value near the center.
 
Attachments
  • Diagram of a circular pipe cross-section with a small inner ring near the center and a wide outer annulus near the edge, both marked dr, with blue square patches in each; label reads more patches of area for large r.
    pipe areas.jpg
    11.9 KB · Views: 601