Frequency Response: Inputs & Effects

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the concept of frequency response in systems, particularly focusing on the effects of inputting single frequency signals versus broader signals like white noise. Participants explore how different types of systems (linear vs. non-linear) respond to these inputs and the implications for measuring frequency response.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether inputting a single frequency signal results in a different frequency response and how this affects the system.
  • Another participant clarifies that for Linear, Time-Invariant (LTI) systems, a single frequency input will only alter the amplitude and phase, not the frequency itself.
  • It is suggested that to fully understand an LTI system's transfer function, one could either sweep input frequencies or use an impulse input to derive the impulse response.
  • A different participant emphasizes that sending a single frequency signal into a linear system will yield a sinusoidal output, with amplitude and phase determined by the system's frequency response.
  • There is a mention that for non-linear systems, the behavior is less predictable, indicating a complexity that is not present in linear systems.
  • One participant expresses the challenge of reconciling textbook knowledge with real-world applications, indicating a desire for deeper understanding.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the behavior of LTI systems in response to single frequency inputs, but there is acknowledgment of the complexity introduced by non-linear systems. The discussion remains open regarding the best methods for measuring frequency response.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations in the discussion regarding the assumptions made about system linearity and the definitions of frequency response. The implications of using different types of input signals are not fully resolved.

chlorine
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Hi everybody,

I had a simple question that I've never really thought about until I actually had to do it...

If you input a single one frequency signal, will you get a whole new different frequency response? How would it effect the system? Or would it make sense if you inputed like a white noise (all frequency) signal to get a good result of a system's frequency response? Thanks.. :blushing:
 
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It depends on the system. The simplest systems are Linear, Time-Invariant (LTI) systems. For LTI systems, no, when you put in a single frequency, the output can only be different in amplitude and phase, not a different frequency.

To get the full transfer function of an LTI system, you either need to sweep the input frequency and observe the gain and phase shift of the output response, or you need to put in an impulse, and infer the transfer function from the impulse response of the LTI system.

For non-linear systems, all bets are off.
 
It's hard to interpret your question. If you send a single frequency (sinusoidal) signal into a linear system, the output will be a sinusoid whose amplitude and phase is determined by the frequency response. If you are trying to measure the frequency response, then I suppose you could send in sinusoids of various different frequencies and then plot the amplitude and phase of the resulting output to get a general idea. Or you could send in a single impulse (spike), and measure the output (the system's impulse response). The frequency response is then given by the Fourier transform of the impulse response.

Edit: they say great minds think alike berkeman, but I guess you beat me to it. :)
 
Yeah, it's fun to work in pairs. I think the OP believes it now! Duplicate simultaneous answers. :smile:

I always wished there were semaphores or something in the reply mechanism... but where's the fun in that? :biggrin:
 
HMM interesting. Thanks guys. You know, its hard to match the things you read in textbooks with everything in the real world. This gave me more insight.
 

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