Gauss law and electric current

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Gauss's law states that excess charges accumulate on the surface of a conductor, leading to questions about charge movement within a conducting wire during current flow. While charges do move on the surface, there is also current present inside the wire, which does not contradict Gauss's law. The law does not necessitate that charges only exist on the surface, as it operates under electrostatic conditions that may not apply during current flow. The current arises from unbound electrons rather than "extra charges," maintaining the net charge of the wire at zero. Understanding the behavior of charges in conductors is essential for reconciling Gauss's law with the principles of electric current.
hokhani
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According to the Gauss law, the extra charges gather on the surface of a conductor. When there is a current in a conducting wire, do the charges only move on the surface of the wire or we have current also inside the wire? If we also have current inside the wire how is it compatible with Gauss law?
 
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Gauss law by itself does not require the charges to move to the surface. You must also assume electrostatic conditions which of course isn't a valid assumption.
 
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The current in a conducting wire isn't from "extra charges", it's from unbound electrons. The net charge of a conducting wire is still zero.
 
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Thread 'Motional EMF in Faraday disc, co-rotating magnet axial mean flux'

Thread 'Motional EMF in Faraday disc, co-rotating magnet axial mean flux'

So here is the motional EMF formula. Now I understand the standard Faraday paradox that an axis symmetric field source (like a speaker motor ring magnet) has a magnetic field that is frame invariant under rotation around axis of symmetry. The field is static whether you rotate the magnet or not. So far so good. What puzzles me is this , there is a term average magnetic flux or "azimuthal mean" , this term describes the average magnetic field through the area swept by the rotating Faraday...
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