How do mass and temperature change in black holes due to Hawking Radiation?

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Hawking Radiation causes black holes to lose mass and gain temperature over time, with these changes described by the Bekenstein–Hawking formula. The mass decrease is exponential, as indicated by the relationship derived from thermodynamics, where the change in mass is related to entropy. The temperature of a black hole can be calculated using the formula T = (hbar c^3)/(8π k_B G M), showing that it inversely correlates with mass. The Stefan-Boltzmann law further quantifies the mass loss rate as dM/dt = -σAT^4. Understanding these relationships is crucial for studying black hole thermodynamics and the implications of Hawking Radiation.
James Way
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Hello, I am rather new to Physics and for a class project on exponential growth and decay in nature and I chose the effects Hawking Radiation on black holes. If anyone could help explain how the mass and temperature change over time and how to calculate them(this one especially) that would be wonderful
 
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Simplified, why are these decreases(in mass) and increases(in heat) expoenential.
 
*exponential
 
James Way said:
how the mass and temperature change over time and how to calculate them
According to the Bekenstein–Hawking formula in black hole thermodynamics, $$S=\frac{kAc^3}{4G\hbar}$$ Consider a Schwarzschild black hole, we know that $$r_{\rm g}=\frac{2GM}{c^2},\ A=4\pi r_{\rm g}^2$$ Therefore, we can get $$M^2=\frac{\hbar c^3}{4\pi k_{\rm B} G}S$$ From thermodynamics, we learn that ##{\rm d}M=T{\rm d}S##, so we have $$T=\frac{{\rm d} M}{{\rm d} S}=\frac{\hbar c^3}{8\pi k_{\rm B}G}\frac{1}{M}$$I believe this is what you want.

By the way, according to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, $$\frac{{\rm d}M}{{\rm d}t}=-\sigma AT^4$$ and thus you can know how the mass and temperature change over time.
 
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