Photons can carry different energy levels despite having the same speed and size because their energy is determined by their frequency, not their physical dimensions. The concept of "size" in relation to photons is misleading, as photons are considered point-like particles with no defined size in the traditional sense. Instead, the energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency, as described by the equation E=hf, where E is energy, h is Planck's constant, and f is frequency. This means that photons of the same speed can have varying energies based on their frequency. Understanding these principles is crucial for grasping the behavior of light in quantum physics.