To modify a program that uses scanf for user input to read from a text file, the recommended approach is to use fopen() to open the file and then utilize fscanf() for reading data. For command line usage, input redirection can be achieved using the "<" symbol, allowing the program to read from a file directly. For writing test cases that involve file input, the discussion suggests using assert statements, but highlights the challenge of adapting this method for file reading. A potential solution is to open a file within the test framework, enabling scanf to read from it. The conversation emphasizes the need for clarity on how to integrate file reading into testing scenarios.