How Do You Calculate the Orbital Characteristics of a Satellite?

AI Thread Summary
To calculate the orbital characteristics of a satellite, key formulas include the velocity (Vt) and period (T) of the satellite, which are derived from gravitational constants and the satellite's altitude. The satellite's speed is approximately 7555.8 m/s, and its orbital period is around 5829.3 seconds. The total energy of the satellite in orbit is calculated to be about 6.28 billion joules, while angular momentum can be determined using the moment of inertia and velocity. For further calculations, such as the effects of air resistance on altitude and speed after multiple revolutions, conservation of energy principles must be applied. Understanding these concepts is crucial for accurately determining the satellite's behavior in orbit.
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A 220 kg satellite is in an approximatel circular orbit 640 km above the Earths surface.
a) Speed of satellite and the period of its orbit?
Vt^2 = GM/R
= (6.67 x 10^-11)(6 x 10^24) / (6.37 x 10^6 + 640000) (That's radius of Earth plus height of satellite)
= 7555.8 m/s
T^2 = (4pi^2 / GM) x R^3
= 4pi^2/ (6.67 x 10^-11)(6 x 10^24) x (7010000)^3 (again, radius of Earth plus heigh of satellite)
= 5829.3

b) Total energy of satellite in its orbit?
E = -1/2 (GMm/R)
= -1/2 (6.67 x 10^-11)(6 x 10^24)(220) / 7010000)
= 6279885877 J

c) What is the angular momentum of the satellite about the centre of the Earth?
L = Iw
L = I (vt/R)
= I (7555.8/7010000)


I'm stuck now. I am pretty sure my first few answers are wrong anyway. I don't have much grasp of the concepts of this fancy gravitational stuff, I don't think. The question goes on...

d) If the satellite loses 1.5 x 10^5 J per orbital revolution due to air resistance, determine the satellite's altitude and speed after its 1500th revolution.

e) What is the angular momentum of the satellite about the centre of the Earth after the 1500th revolution? Has angular momentum about the centre of the Earth been conserved? If not, explain what has caused the change.

Needless to say, I have no idea how to tackle these.
 
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a, First start with Keplers law (T/2pi)^2 = r^3 / GM
Well done for spotting that r is the height + radius of Earth!
The speed is simple form the circumference of the orbit and period.

b, Remember total energy is kinetic + potential.

d, Use conservation of energy.
 
A is ok. the second answer needs a unit.
for B you need the kinetic energy as well, and the equation you use for the potential energy has E = 0 as R goes to infinity, E <0 everywhere else. you probably want to have E=0 at the surface of the earth.
C angular momentum is m(v x R) (cross product of vectors) for circular motion it's simply
mvr
 
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