SPI determines the starting point of data transmission through the synchronization of the clock signal with the MOSI and MISO lines, which have default states that can lead to misinterpretation if not managed correctly. The clock signal is only active when there is data to transmit, ensuring that the master and slave are aligned in their communication. While the SPI diagram does not explicitly show a common ground, it is implicitly understood to be present for proper operation. Understanding the role of the common ground is essential for effective communication between devices. Overall, the synchronization of signals and the implicit common ground are crucial for accurate data transmission in SPI.