How Does The Electron Gain Its Mass

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    Electron Gain Mass
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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the mechanisms by which electrons and quarks acquire mass, particularly in the context of the Standard Model of particle physics. Participants explore the roles of the Higgs mechanism, Yukawa couplings, and quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in determining mass, as well as the distinctions between fundamental particles and hadrons.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes that electrons, unlike photons, gain mass through the Higgs mechanism, which involves Yukawa couplings between fermion fields and the Higgs field.
  • Another participant confirms that quarks also gain mass via Yukawa couplings to the Higgs field, but raises questions about the contributions of confinement and QCD to their mass.
  • A participant mentions that the top quark is the heaviest due to its largest Yukawa coupling to the Higgs, linking this to its significance in Higgs physics.
  • There is uncertainty expressed regarding the definition of quark mass, as quarks are not observed as free particles, leading to complications in understanding their mass contributions.
  • One participant suggests that hadrons gain mass primarily from QCD radiative corrections, distinguishing this from the mass of quarks.
  • A hand-waving argument is presented about the minimum expected mass of a charged fermion in QED, which aligns with the electron mass.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree that both electrons and quarks acquire mass through the Higgs mechanism, but there is ongoing uncertainty and debate regarding the specific contributions of confinement and QCD to quark masses, as well as the definitions of mass in different contexts.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the lack of consensus on the exact contributions of QCD to quark masses and the complexities involved in defining quark mass due to their confinement within hadrons.

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I started thinking about this in answering a question on the QM forum on getting the speed of light from QED. Its a massless boson so must travel at the speed of light. Then I recalled that bosons can gain mass from the Higgs so the real reason is the photon doesn't interact with the Higgs.

But then it started me thinking - the electron isn't a Boson - so exactly how does it get its mass.

Thanks
Bill
 
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All fundamental fermions in the Standard Model get their masses from the Higgs mechanism (except neutrinos). There is a Yukawa coupling between each fermion field and the Higgs field, and when the Higgs field adopts a vacuum expectation value this generates an effective mass term for each fermion.

See e.g. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukawa_interaction#Spontaneous_symmetry_breaking
 
Thanks for the answer much appreciated.

But do quarks gain their mass that way?

I thought they got it from confinement? Or does some of it also come from the Higgs? If so how much?

I am pretty sure I could Google the answer but sometimes sorting the truth from crank rubbish is a bit difficult.

Thanks
Bill
 
Well certainly quarks have Yukawa couplings to the Higgs field exactly like electrons, and the top quark is the heaviest fermion because it has the largest Yukawa coupling, so it couples the strongest to the Higgs, which is why top quarks are important for Higgs physics. But I don't remember exactly what the correct thing to say regarding QCD contributions to quark masses is. Certainly there should be QCD corrections to quark masses. I think one gets into various difficulties because there are various ways to define what the mass of a quark "is", since we don't measure "free" quarks. Someone else will have to fill in the details here :).
 
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Already answered... The gauge bosons gain their mass because of the SSB and Higgs Mechanism.. The fermions gain their mass because of their yukawa coupling to Higgs field and Higgs field's vev and radiative corrections.
All the gauge bosons interact with the Higgs field before the SSB. The photon is just a configuration of them which appears with zero mass eigenvalue (and corresponds to the remaining unbroken U(1) local symmetry).

Quarks gain their mass that way. I am not sure about confinement, but it doesn't refer to quarks but to hadrons. The hadrons mainly gain their masses because of QCD radiative corrections.
 
There is also a hand-waving argument about the minimum mass that a charged fermion should be expected to have in QED, from the self-energy, and it happens to be of the same order that the electron mass.
 
ChrisVer said:
The hadrons mainly gain their masses because of QCD radiative corrections.

Ahhh. That jogged my memory - its not quark mass - its the mass of things like protons.

Much appreciated.

Thanks
Bill
 

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