How Does the Tanh(x) Approximation Relate to Small Angles?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the approximation of the hyperbolic tangent function, specifically the expression \(\tanh(k) \approx \pi\ell\) where \(k = \pi + \pi\ell\) and \(\ell\) is a small parameter. Participants explore the validity of this approximation and its derivation, questioning its correctness in the context of small angle approximations and the behavior of the function as \(\ell\) approaches zero.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants suggest using the power series for \(\tanh\) or linear approximations to understand the approximation.
  • Concerns are raised about the limit of \(\tanh(k)\) as \(\ell\) approaches zero, noting that \(\tanh(\pi) \neq 0\) while \(\pi\ell\) approaches zero.
  • One participant proposes that if the original poster (OP) meant \(\tan\) instead of \(\tanh\), the approximation could be valid, providing a linear approximation for \(\tan\).
  • Another participant agrees that the approximation holds for \(\tan\) and notes that both functions are equivalent at \(\ell = 0\) with matching first derivatives.
  • A later reply indicates that the original paper may have contained a typo, suggesting that the author intended to use \(\tan\) instead of \(\tanh\), based on the context of previous equations involving \(\cosh\) and \(\sinh\).

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express disagreement regarding the validity of the approximation for \(\tanh\). While some suggest it may be a typo and that \(\tan\) is the correct function, there is no consensus on the original claim's correctness.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights the potential for confusion between the hyperbolic and trigonometric tangent functions, as well as the implications of small angle approximations. The validity of the approximation remains unresolved, with participants questioning the assumptions made in the original paper.

wil3
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Hello! So I was reading a paper in which I came across the following:

<br /> k = \pi + \pi\ell<br />

<br /> \tanh{(k)} \approx \pi\ell<br />

where "l" is very small. What on Earth is the origin of this approximation? I'm sure it's very simple, but I can't seem to derive it from the angle-sum and small angle approximations for sinh and cosh.

Thanks very much for any help!
 
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I don't know for sure, but I'd try the power series for \tanh. And also \pi +\pi l \simeq \pi or linear apporximation.
 
wil3 said:
Hello! So I was reading a paper in which I came across the following:

<br /> k = \pi + \pi\ell<br />

<br /> \tanh{(k)} \approx \pi\ell<br />

where "l" is very small. What on Earth is the origin of this approximation? I'm sure it's very simple, but I can't seem to derive it from the angle-sum and small angle approximations for sinh and cosh.

Thanks very much for any help!

Unless I'm missing something we have \lim_{\ell \to 0}\tanh(k)=\tanh(\pi)\neq 0 so how could this approximation possibly be true since \lim_{\ell \to 0}\pi \ell = 0
 
Mentallic said:
Unless I'm missing something for small \ell we have \tanh(k)\approx \tanh(\pi)\neq 0 so how could this approximation possibly be true since for small \ell, \pi \ell \approx 0.

Yeah, I was just thinking about that - I tried to do a linear approximation and it didn't work. When I first suggested this, I tried to quickly do it in my head, and got it a bit confused and made an error. I'm not sure if OP made a typo.

If he meant \tan then I think it is right:

y = \sec^2(\pi)(x-\pi) + \tan(\pi) = x - \pi

Now if we let x = \pi +l \pi we have the correct linear approximation and \tan(k) \simeq l \pi.
 
Robert1986 said:
Yeah, I was just thinking about that - I tried to do a linear approximation and it didn't work. When I first suggested this, I tried to quickly do it in my head, and got it a bit confused and made an error. I'm not sure if OP made a typo.

If he meant \tan then I think it is right:

y = \sec^2(\pi)(x-\pi) + \tan(\pi) = x - \pi

Now if we let x = \pi +l \pi we have the correct linear approximation and \tan(k) \simeq l \pi.

Yeah for tan it works. They're both equivalent at \ell = 0 and their first derivatives match too.
 
OH! So I correctly quoted the paper, but the paper itself was incorrect. The author definitely meant tan()-- he switched between two equations. The previous equations had cosh(.) and sinh(.), so I didn't catch the error:

Check out 7b in this paper if you're curious where this is from:
http://www.ctsystemes.com/zeland/publi/00982223.pdf

thanks very much guys!
 
Last edited by a moderator:
wil3 said:
OH! So I correctly quoted the paper, but the paper itself was incorrect. The author definitely meant tan()-- he switched between two equations. The previous equations had cosh(.) and sinh(.), so I didn't catch the error:

Check out 7b in this paper if you're curious where this is from:
http://www.ctsystemes.com/zeland/publi/00982223.pdf

thanks very much guys!

At least he plugged the approximation into the formula correctly :wink:
An honest typo since the Author kept switching between tan and tanh.
 
Last edited by a moderator:

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