How is the consumption of free energy defined and measured in thermodynamics?

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Free energy is a clearly defined concept in thermodynamics, but the criteria for measuring its consumption in a system is less straightforward. To assess free energy consumption, it is essential to first define what constitutes a physical system and then clarify the meaning of consumption. The conversion of free energy into other forms, such as entropy, is measurable and well established in scientific literature. Techniques like differential scanning calorimetry provide methods for quantifying these conversions. Understanding these definitions is crucial for accurately discussing free energy consumption in thermodynamic systems.
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We know that free energy is a well-defined concept in thermodynamics. How about the *consumption* of free energy? Are there well-defined criteria for saying "system X has consumed E amounts of free energy" ?

That requires us to define what is a physical system, and secondly, to define consumption.

Thanks in advance!
 
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