Since Einstein's death, significant advancements in science and math have emerged, including the discovery of quarks and the development of the Standard Model of particle physics. The cosmic microwave background radiation and the accelerating expansion of the universe are key findings that would have been unknown to him. Additionally, the discovery of the Higgs boson and phenomena like Bose-Einstein condensates represent major milestones in physics. Other notable concepts include neutrino oscillation and the existence of exoplanets, which expand our understanding of the universe. Overall, the landscape of scientific knowledge has evolved dramatically since Einstein's time.