How to prove the definition of arctangent function using integral?

zhongbeyond
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Homework Statement


This is a problem from Introduction to Analysis by Arthur P. Mattuck,chapter 20,problem 20-1.

<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/86024731@N04/8090259684/" title="arctangent by gnu is not unix, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8193/8090259684_a5ce06801e.jpg" width="500" height="325" alt="arctangent"></a>

I have worked out question (a),(b),(c),but I am stucked in question (d).
Please help,thanks.
 
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For d.) you will need to compare the given integral to the integral of some other function which you can show (easily) has limiting value < or = to 2.5 at infinity.
Suggestion: consider changing the numerator to make it integrable. Be sure to check that your comparison function is everywhere bigger. (You may need to use some glue.)
 
There are two things I don't understand about this problem. First, when finding the nth root of a number, there should in theory be n solutions. However, the formula produces n+1 roots. Here is how. The first root is simply ##\left(r\right)^{\left(\frac{1}{n}\right)}##. Then you multiply this first root by n additional expressions given by the formula, as you go through k=0,1,...n-1. So you end up with n+1 roots, which cannot be correct. Let me illustrate what I mean. For this...
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