Instantaneous velocity can be zero while acceleration remains non-zero, particularly in deceleration scenarios. As an object slows down, its velocity approaches zero, but it still experiences acceleration in the opposite direction. This means that at the moment the velocity reaches zero, the object can start to move backward, indicating a change in direction. The key concept is that acceleration measures the rate of change of velocity, which can occur even when the velocity itself is momentarily zero. Understanding this relationship clarifies the dynamics of motion and acceleration.