Is $H_n(X)$ Torsion Free if $H_{n-1}(X)$ is Torsion Free?

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In summary, $H_n(X)$ and $H_{n-1}(X)$ are homology groups used to study the shape and structure of topological spaces. A group is torsion free if it does not contain elements of finite order. The boundary operator relates $H_n(X)$ and $H_{n-1}(X)$ in homology theory. When $H_{n-1}(X)$ is torsion free, it implies that $H_n(X)$ is also torsion free, making computations and classifications easier. However, there are exceptions to this statement, such as when the topological space has non-trivial torsion in higher homology groups or when certain operations are performed on the space.
  • #1
Euge
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Here is this week's POTW:

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Suppose $X$ is a closed connected orientable manifold of dimension $2n$. Prove that if the homology group $H_{n-1}(X)$ is torsion free, then $H_n(X)$ is also torsion free.

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  • #2
Here is a hint: Consider using Poincaré duality and the universal coefficients theorem.
 
  • #3
No one answered this week's problem. You can read my solution below.

By Poincaré duality and the universal coefficients theorem, it follows that
$$H_n(X) \approx H^n(X) \approx H_n(X)^{\text{free}} \oplus H_{n-1}(X)^{\text{torsion}}$$
Since $H_{n-1}(X)$ is torsion-free, then $H_{n-1}(X)^{\text{torsion}} = 0$. Therefore $H_n(X) \approx H_n(X)^{\text{free}}$, showing that $H_n(X)$ is also torsion-free.
 

1. What is $H_n(X)$ and $H_{n-1}(X)$?

$H_n(X)$ and $H_{n-1}(X)$ are both homology groups in algebraic topology. They are mathematical structures that are used to study the shape and structure of topological spaces.

2. What does it mean for a group to be torsion free?

A group is said to be torsion free if it does not contain any elements of finite order. This means that in a torsion free group, multiplying an element by a positive integer will never result in the identity element.

3. How are $H_n(X)$ and $H_{n-1}(X)$ related?

$H_n(X)$ and $H_{n-1}(X)$ are related through the boundary operator in homology theory. The boundary operator maps elements in $H_n(X)$ to elements in $H_{n-1}(X)$ and represents the boundary of a topological space.

4. What is the significance of $H_n(X)$ being torsion free if $H_{n-1}(X)$ is torsion free?

When $H_{n-1}(X)$ is torsion free, it means that the boundary of the topological space does not contain any elements of finite order. This in turn implies that $H_n(X)$, which represents the "holes" or higher dimensional features of the space, is also torsion free. This is a useful property in algebraic topology as it allows for easier computation and classification of spaces.

5. Are there any exceptions to the statement that $H_n(X)$ is torsion free if $H_{n-1}(X)$ is torsion free?

Yes, there are some cases where $H_n(X)$ may not be torsion free even if $H_{n-1}(X)$ is torsion free. For example, when the topological space has non-trivial torsion in higher homology groups. Additionally, certain operations on topological spaces, such as taking the wedge sum or the product, can introduce torsion even if the individual spaces are torsion free.

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