# Limit Indeterminate Forms

1. Mar 9, 2013

### whatlifeforme

1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data
find the limit.

2. Relevant equations
$limit_{x->0+}$ $(x+1)^{cotx}$

3. The attempt at a solution

this is of the form $1^{∞}$

y = $(x+1)^{cotx}$
lny = cotx * ln(x+1)

not sure if this is correct so far.. and what to do next? somehow turn it into a fraction, perhaps?

2. Mar 9, 2013

### Dick

Yes, it's fine so far. And sure, turn it into a fraction so you can apply l'Hopital. If you have a*b you can turn it into a fraction by writing it as either a/(1/b) or b/(1/a). Which looks easier?

3. Mar 9, 2013

### whatlifeforme

$\frac{cotx}{\frac{1}{ln(x+1)}}$ = $\frac{(1/0)}{(1/0)}$

$\frac{-(cscx)^{2}}{\frac{1}{1/(x+1)}}$ = $\frac{1/0}{(1/(1/1)}$

or written in another form as:

$\frac{-(cscx)^{2}}{\frac{1}{1/(x+1)}}$ = $\frac{\frac{1}{0}}{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{1}}}$

is that ∞/1 ??

am i correct so far. do i need to apply l'hopitals again, or is my answer correctly ∞.

Last edited: Mar 9, 2013
4. Mar 9, 2013

### whatlifeforme

make that -∞.

5. Mar 9, 2013

### Dick

You picked the hard way to do it and then you did it wrong. Try ln(x+1)/(1/cot(x))=ln(x+1)/tan(x). That's the easy way. Work it out that way, then look back and figure out what you did wrong.

6. Mar 9, 2013

### pierce15

Edit: You forgot to use the chain rule in your second step. I'd just do it over put tan(x) in the denominator.

Also, keep the limit in there. 1/0 isn't defined.

7. Mar 9, 2013

### whatlifeforme

$$\lim_{x->0+}\frac{ln(x+1)}{tanx} = \frac{0}{0}$$

$$\lim_{x->0+}\frac{\frac{1}{x+1}}{(secx)^{2}} = \frac{1}{1}$$

Last edited by a moderator: Mar 11, 2013
8. Mar 9, 2013

### Dick

Hence? Conclusion for the original limit?

Last edited by a moderator: Mar 11, 2013
9. Mar 9, 2013

### pierce15

Mod note: I made the changes suggested below.
Instead of writing limit_{x->\infty}, you should write "\lim_{x\to\infty}"

Also, if you write "tex" instead of "itex", everything will look better. Only use "itex" for when you aren't starting a new line for math.

Going back to the beginning of the problem, you wrote that ln(y) was equal to the expression you just derived. So what is y?

Last edited by a moderator: Mar 11, 2013
10. Mar 10, 2013

### whatlifeforme

y = $(x+1)^{cotx}$
lny = cotx * ln(x+1)

$\lim_{x\to0+} (x+1)^{cotx}= \lim_{x\to0+} f(x) = \lim_{x\to0+} e^{lny}$

$= e^{1}$

11. Mar 10, 2013

### Dick

Right.

12. Mar 10, 2013

### pierce15

Looks good. Instead of writing "itex", though, it'll look better with "tex"

13. Mar 11, 2013

You could also just use "$" at the beginning and end of whatever you want to type in latex. 14. Mar 11, 2013 ### Mark44 ### Staff: Mentor I would add to the OP that you don't need to have flocks of itex or tex tags - one at the beginning and the closing tag of that type at the end of the line.$ at beginning and end - same as itex at beginning and /itex at end.
 at beginning and end - same as tex at beginning and /tex at end.

15. Mar 12, 2013

### whatlifeforme

**note:updated with tex.

16. Mar 12, 2013

### pierce15

Good. Also, if you want the + to be a subscript, just use ^, as follows:

$$\lim_{x \to 0^+ }$$