You seem to be very confused- or a little loose with your terminology. What you show is not "two vectors", it is a matrix. And before you can write a linear transformation, you will have to define the linear transformation. Then, a linear transformation, from vector space U to vector space V, can be written as a matrix given specific bases for both U and V. Of course, if U and V are both R2, it would be standard to take <1, 0> and <0, 1> but since you talk about [T]_{\beta\beta}, I take it that you are given some basis and I suspect that is what <1, 0> and <0, 2> are- you are asked to find the matrix form of linear transformation T in that basis. But that still leaves the most crucial question- what is T? How is T defined?
Or are you using the standard basis, <1, 0> and <0, 1>, and have determined that T(<1, 0>)= 1<1, 0>+ 0<0, 1> and T(<0, 1>)= 0<1, 0>+ 2<0, 1>? In that case, the matrix you give is the matrix form you are looking for.