John Baez recently replied to a question like this on Usenet sci.physics.research ("spr"). It was someone who planned to do a Masters thesis on LQG and wanted to know what to read, and Baez listed some things.
I would suggest that you get on Usenet's "spr" and ask Baez this very question you posted here. Baez has been active in this field and is nice about answering questions.
Also, since your question is serious and ought to command their attention. Why not ask Carlo Rovelli and Abhay Ashtekar? Rovelli, I understand, is currently working on a graduate-level textbook on LQG. If Ashtekar does not reply to your email, try his postdoc at PSU, Martin Bojowald.
the best place for LQG appears to be Pennsylvania State University's Center for Gravitational Physics and Geometry.
That is where Ashtekar is. But Pittsburg must be OK too because
Rovelli is there.
If you are outside the US, please let me know and I can suggest people and centers in other countries. Send a PM (personal message) about this if you want.
As for books------you sound already well prepared, with differential geometry, group representations, and linear spaces.
(You did not mention measure theory and there is one important measure on a function space in the theory---also distribution theory----but these are linear spaces topics.) I would suggest that you print off a copy of a 52-page introduction
"Loop Quantum Gravity and the Meaning of Diffeomorphism Invariance" arXiv: gr-qc/9910079, by Marcus Gaul and Carlo Rovelli, and go thru it and find out first hand what mathematics gaps are holding you up.
In other words, don't wait until you are sure you have all the mathematical preparations---instead, try the field out immediately and see just what you actually do need.
Several people here may have specific reading list suggestions.
If anything else occurs to me I will post it later.
Originally posted by fando
I'd like to acquire more than a casual understanding of LQG, and to do that I need the math first. My math background has been acquired ad-hoc while pursuing a degree in Astronomy. A smattering of group theory here, enough differential geometry and tensor gymnastics to read Gravitation (Thorne & Wheeler), your standard linear algebra for QM (Cohen & Tanoudji), and all the prereqs. If possible, I'd like to know what books a math major would use because the pick-it-up-as-you-go method of learning math has left me with a very unreliable foundation. I'm actually serious about this as I'm trying to decide what I'd like to do for grad school (I have a preference for GR and Astrophysics).
So what math topics would I need to study and what books/resources are recommended in order to understand LQG at the graduate level?