Mathematics for a physics undergraduate

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around recommendations for additional mathematics topics that a theoretical physics undergraduate should study, particularly in relation to general relativity and particle theory. The scope includes suggestions for advanced mathematical concepts that could support future studies and research in these areas.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests that differential geometry might be beneficial for studying general relativity.
  • Another participant inquires about the current mathematical knowledge of the original poster, prompting a discussion about their familiarity with various mathematical topics.
  • The original poster lists their mathematical background, including knowledge of ODEs, Fourier transforms, basic tensor concepts, vector calculus, and calculus of variations.
  • A participant presumes that the original poster has encountered Fourier series solutions to PDEs and suggests studying Sturm–Liouville systems, Legendre polynomials, spherical harmonics, and Bessel functions, particularly in the context of quantum mechanics and electromagnetism.
  • This participant also recommends learning contour integration and the residue theorem, noting that these topics are covered in mathematical methods in physics texts.
  • There is an assumption that the original poster is proficient in linear algebra, which is typically expected at their level of study.
  • In relation to general relativity, the participant emphasizes the importance of differential geometry and suggests either studying it from pure math resources or integrating it with general relativity studies.
  • Representation theory is mentioned as potentially useful, especially for high-energy particle theory, with a recommendation for a specific book tailored for physics students.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the importance of differential geometry for general relativity and suggest various mathematical topics that could be beneficial. However, there is no consensus on a definitive list of topics, and multiple perspectives on the best approach to learning these subjects are presented.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the original poster's specific mathematical background and the varying assumptions about their knowledge base. The discussion does not resolve which mathematical topics are most critical, nor does it clarify the best resources for learning.

woody4064
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Hello,
I have just finished my second year of a theoretical physics degree (MPhys) at the University of Nottingham in the UK. I now have three months with relatively few commitments, and would like to learn some additional maths that would be useful, but am unsure what topics I should study. Given that I do a lot of general relativity over the next two years, and I hope to do a PhD in particle theory, could anyone give me advice?
 
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Differential geometry might be beneficial.
 
woody4064 said:
Hello,
Given that I do a lot of general relativity over the next two years, and I hope to do a PhD in particle theory, could anyone give me advice?

What do you already know?
 
WannabeNewton said:
What do you already know?

Nth order ODEs with constant coefficients, Fourier transforms, using Fourier and separation of variables to solve PDEs, very basic stuff on tensors (as in, I know what they are, I know tensor notation but the only one I've ever used greater than order 2 is the Levi-Civita tensor), generating functions, vector calculus, and enough calculus of variations to derive the classical Lagrangian. Fairly typical stuff for a second year theoretical student.
 
Presumably if you've seen Fourier series solutions to PDEs then you've also seen solutions to simple Sturm–Liouville systems using Legendre polynomials, spherical harmonics, and Bessel functions, particularly in the context of Frobenius' method in QM or Laplace's equation in EM? If not then you might want to pick that up from a book on mathematical methods in physics (e.g. Arfken). If you've gotten that down then make sure you also spend some time on contour integration and the residue theorem/Laurent series; you will also find this in Arfken.

I'm also assuming you know linear algebra inside and out at this point, which you probably do given that you're second year. Then as far as general relativity goes, the only thing you would really need to spend time on with regards to math is differential geometry. You can go ahead and try to learn it from a pure math book if you wish-you'll find tons of threads here and elsewhere suggesting books for that. Or you could just start studying GR now and pickup the differential geometry as you go along since all GR books will have a few chapters on the necessary aspects of it.

The only other thing I can think of that would be of great use to you is representation theory, if your interest is HEPT. You can again go the pure math route here but you would probably be much better served going through a book on rep theory that has a physics student in mind. Some time ago the user dextercioby recommend to me the following: https://www.amazon.com/dp/3211834435/?tag=pfamazon01-20 and I've found it to be absolutely brilliant so you should check it out.

Good luck!
 
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