Motion when 2D forces are exerted on masses at each end of a baton?

In summary, the conversation discusses a structure with two equal masses connected by a massless rigid baton of length L. The structure is not hinged and is free in space, with forces acting on each mass in 2D (x,y). The question is whether it is possible to calculate the net acceleration and new velocities of each mass if the x and y force vectors, initial coordinates, and initial velocities are known. The solution involves using Newton's second law for the net force and acceleration of the center of mass, as well as considering the rotational motion of the object about the center of mass. The conversation also mentions the significance of the rigid connection between the masses.
  • #1
mikejm
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Let's say you have a simple structure with two equal masses connected by a massless rigid baton of length L. Like this:

mass vector issue.png

Imagine this structure is totally free in space. It is not hinged in any way. Then forces act on each mass in 2D (x,y). If you have the x and y force vectors acting on each mass, and knowing the two masses are linked, can you calculate the net acceleration of each mass that results?

ie. If you have:

L = length connecting masses
Fm1X = x-axis force on mass 1
Fm1Y = y-axis force on mass 1
Fm2X = x-axis force on mass 2
Fm2Y = y-axis force on mass 2

And the initial (x,y) coordinates of the two masses and their initial velocities, can you calculate the accelerations and new velocities after a certain increment of time?

Numerical solution is fine. Would want to be able to solve such a problem at an audio sample rate recursively for 100 similar elements per sample or so. At each sample I'd recalculate the x and y forces acting on each mass, then need to determine their new velocities/accelerations for the next time increment.

Obviously this would be trivial for a mass that is not connected to another in this way. I'm not sure how to take into account that they must remain a fixed distance apart (ie. linked by the "baton").

Thanks.
 
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  • #2
mikejm said:
Obviously this would be trivial for a mass that is not connected to another in this way. I'm not sure how to take into account that they must remain a fixed distance apart (ie. linked by the "baton").

Thanks.

That means the two masses are an extended rigid body. You still have Newton's second law for the net (or total force) and the acceleration of the centre of mass (CoM):
$$\vec F_{total} = M_{total} \ \vec a_{CoM}$$
And you also have the rotational motion given by the total torque about the centre of mass ##\tau##, moment of inertia ##I## of the body, and angular acceleration about the centre of mass, ##\alpha##.
$$\vec \tau = I \ \vec \alpha$$
These two equations together describe the motion of the object in terms of: motion of centre of mass and rotation about the centre of mass.
 
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  • #3
mikejm said:
...
I'm not sure how to take into account that they must remain a fixed distance apart (ie. linked by the "baton").
You have a solid body with forces applied to two different locations, which happen to be where most of the mass is also located at.
The massless connection is still a solid part of the body, since it transfers lineal forces and moments between both masses.
That body will behave based on resultant forces and their on their distances and directions respect to the center of mass of the system.
 
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1. How do you calculate the net force on a baton when 2D forces are exerted on masses at each end?

The net force on a baton can be calculated by adding together all the individual forces acting on the baton. In 2D motion, this means adding the x and y components of each force to determine the total force in each direction.

2. What is the relationship between the net force and the acceleration of the baton?

According to Newton's second law of motion, the net force acting on an object is directly proportional to its acceleration. This means that as the net force increases, the acceleration of the baton will also increase.

3. How does the distribution of mass on the baton affect its motion when 2D forces are applied?

The distribution of mass on the baton can affect its motion in a few ways. If the mass is evenly distributed, the baton will rotate around its center of mass when 2D forces are applied. However, if the mass is unevenly distributed, the baton may experience torque and rotate around a different point.

4. Can the direction of the forces on the baton affect its motion when 2D forces are exerted?

Yes, the direction of the forces can greatly affect the motion of the baton. For example, if the forces are applied in opposite directions, the baton may experience linear motion. However, if the forces are applied at different angles, the baton may experience rotational motion.

5. How does friction play a role in the motion of a baton when 2D forces are exerted?

Friction can play a significant role in the motion of a baton when 2D forces are exerted. Friction can cause the baton to slow down or stop, depending on the direction of the forces and the surface it is moving on. It can also affect the rotational motion of the baton by creating a torque that opposes the applied forces.

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