For those seeking an introduction to number theory with exercises and proofs, several recommendations emerged in the discussion. Hardy and Wright's book is highlighted as an excellent resource, along with George E. Andrews' "Number Theory" and Apostol's "Introduction to Analytic Number Theory." Both Andrews and Apostol provide numerous proofs and include helpful sections like "hints and answers," though it's unclear if solution manuals are available. For a focus on mathematical proof techniques, "How To Prove It" by Daniel J. Velleman is suggested, as it incorporates number theory examples to illustrate various proof strategies. Additionally, Rosen's "Elementary Number Theory" is noted for including solutions to problems, making it a practical choice for learners. A free resource on mathematical proofs is also available on the author's website, offering further support for those interested in the subject.
