NH2 is electron acceptor or electron donor?

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The discussion centers on the dual nature of the NH2 group in organic chemistry, specifically its role as both an electron donor and an electron acceptor. While the NH2 group exhibits a negative inductive effect, which suggests it acts as an electron acceptor, it also functions as a ring-activating group due to resonance structures with benzene. The resonance effect, which dominates over the electronegativity of the nitrogen, allows NH2 to donate electrons to the aromatic system, thus activating the ring. A reference link is provided for further illustration of the resonance concept.
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i have attached 2 photos here...

the book said the NH2 exhibit negative inductive effect (negative inductive effect means electron acceptor) , and is ring activating group, but ring activating group is electron donor. which is correct?

So NH2 is electron donor or electron acceptor?
 

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They were supposed to imply "generally".
 
Lok said:
They were supposed to imply "generally".

can you explain more detailed?
 
kelvin macks said:
So NH2 is electron donor or electron acceptor?
Both! While NH2 is a negative inductor, there is a resonance structure between NH2 and benzene that makes it a ring activator (the resonance dominates over the electronegativity).

You can find a nice picture of the resonance here: http://www.chm.wright.edu/feld/chm212/eas.pdf
 

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