Orthogonality of Sine and Cosine functions

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the concept of orthogonality as it applies to sine and cosine functions, particularly in the context of evaluating definite integrals and solving problems related to Fourier series. Participants seek to understand how orthogonality can be utilized in mathematical evaluations.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant requests clarification on how to evaluate functions using orthogonality in definite integration problems involving sine and cosine.
  • Another participant suggests referring to specific formulas from a webpage on Fourier series to aid in understanding orthogonality.
  • A different participant explains that orthogonality in a vector space implies that the inner product of two vectors is zero, and relates this to function spaces where the inner product is defined as the integral of the product of the functions.
  • Further, a participant recommends looking at specific equations from the same webpage to understand how to solve for coefficients in a Fourier series, noting that sine and cosine terms are orthogonal when their product is integrated over a specified interval.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not appear to reach a consensus on the best approach to evaluate functions using orthogonality, as they present different resources and explanations without resolving the initial request for clarification.

Contextual Notes

The discussion references specific mathematical resources and formulas, but does not clarify the assumptions or definitions that underlie the concept of orthogonality in this context.

Hendrick
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Hi,

would anyone be able to explain how to evaluate a function using orthogonality (i.e. using orthogonality to solve a definite integration problem with sines/cosines)?

Thank you
 
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I would look in (already referenced in post #2 By ExactlySolved)
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/FourierSeries.html
And in particular look at Eqns (8) and (9) for solving for the coefficients in a Fourier series. Also look at (18) and (19). The sine-like and cosine-like terms are orthogonal, as proved by integrating their product over the interval 0 to 2 pi.
 

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